that number wasn't for voicemail…
It also wasn't the PIN number the service rep was asking for.
Al, they likely wanted the number on the voucher you were supposed to get, so they could verify whether it had already been used in another phone.
Without the number, there's nothing they can do, since they don't know if the voucher was lost, stolen, resold, used, or whatever.
The only way I can think to get the number would be to either have the 7-11 store go back over their sales records and match any voucher being printed with the exact time that your receipt shows you bought the phone (long shot), or see if Ztar's system (the guys that run Speakout) shows a voucher being created at that exact time in that particular store (another long shot).
Either way, treat the vouchers just like cash… either punch them into your account, or put them somewhere safe, like in a safe.